Uso de hidrato de cloral a dosis única de 70 mg/kg como hipnótico en resonancia magnética nuclear. Estudio prospectivo de 3.132 casos

ObjectiveTo assess the mean time to hypnosis, hemodynamic stability, and incidence of complications associated with the administration of 70 mg/kg oral chloral hydrate in children scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Material and methodsProspective study conducted from January 2000 to January 2020 in which 3,132 patients aged between one day and 5 years underwent MRI under anaesthesia in an outpatient setting. The study population was divided into 4 subgroups: A) aged between one and 30 days; B) aged between one month and one year; C) aged between one and 3 years, and D) aged between 3 and 5 years. Study variables were: sex, age, type of examination, mean imaging time, mean time to awakening, heart rate before and after MRI, SatO₂, and incidence of complications such as respiratory depression (SatO₂ below 90%), agitation during the MRI or on awakening (intense crying lasting more than 2 min), prolonged sedation measured on the Steward scale, and nausea and/or vomiting during the MRI, on awakening, or at home.ResultsNo notable hemodynamic alterations were observed. The incidence of desaturation was 0.41%, awakening during the test was 0.16%, prolonged sedation was 1.08%, and agitated awakening was 1.46%. Nausea and vomiting at the end of the test had an incidence of 0.73%. The P value in all cases was < .05%.ConclusionsChloral hydrate at a dose of 70 mg/kg continues to be suitable in sedation lasting no more than one hour for non-invasive procedures in children, and is associated with adequate haemodynamic stability with practically no side effects.     

常规疗法联合抚触与穴位按摩干预新生儿黄疸效果分析

目的:观察常规疗法联合抚触与穴位按摩干预新生儿黄疸的效果。方法:纳入200例足月的新生儿黄疸患儿,随机分为对照组和联合治疗组各100例。2组均接受新生儿常规退黄治疗和护理,联合治疗组加予标准抚触手法联合穴位按摩干预7 d。记录2组患儿的排便情况、胎便转黄时间与高胆红素血症发生情况,检测黄疸指数,并进行统计分析。结果:治疗后,联合治疗组每天排便次数多于对照组,胎便转黄时间较对照组缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从第3天开始,联合治疗组黄疸指数均低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组高胆红素血症发生率为11.0%,联合治疗组为2.0%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规治疗与护理基础上应用抚触联合穴位按摩干预新生儿黄疸,有助于促进胃肠蠕动,加快胎粪排出,并可有效减少小肠对胆红素的重吸收,从而降低体内的胆红素浓度,加速黄疸消退,疗效确切。     

点穴推拿治疗颈源性失眠临床研究

目的:观察点穴推拿治疗颈源性失眠的临床疗效。方法:将100例颈源性失眠患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组给予艾司唑仑片治疗,观察组给予点穴推拿治疗,2组均连续治疗10 d。对比2组临床疗效和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)。结果:观察组总有效率94.00%,高于对照组的72.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组PSQI各项细则评分及总分均较治疗前降低,观察组PSQI各项细则评分及总分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:点穴推拿治疗颈源性失眠疗效优于艾司唑仑片。     

儿童慢性腹泻高营养风险情况及对预后的影响

目的 探讨儿童慢性腹泻高营养风险情况及对预后的影响。方法 选择2019年1～12月在我院诊断治疗的慢性腹泻患儿100例为研究对象,进行营养风险筛查,分析高营养风险患儿与非高营养风险患儿临床特征以及预后情况,分析性别、年龄、病因对慢性腹泻患儿高营养风险的影响。结果 (1)100例患儿24例患儿STAMP评分≥4分,为高营养风险组,占24.0%。(2)7～14岁患儿高营养风险发生率显著高于其他年龄段患儿(P0.05);炎症性肠病患儿高营养风险发生率显著其他病因的患儿(P0.05)。(3)炎症性肠病是慢性腹泻患儿发生高营养风险的独立危险因素(P0.05)。(4)高营养风险组白蛋白、前白蛋白水平显著低于非高营养风险组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组Hb水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)非高营养风险组痊愈率显著高于高营养风险组,医院感染率显著低于高营养风险组,住院时间显著短于高营养风险组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 儿童慢性腹泻高营养风险发生率相对较高,病因会影响患儿高营养风险的发生,而高营养风险影响患儿的预后,延长住院时间。     

眼部穴位按摩联合刮痧护理在老年干眼症患者中的应用

目的探讨眼部穴位按摩联合刮痧护理在老年干眼症患者中的应用效果。方法选取2018年3月-2019年4月收治的62例老年干眼症患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各31例。对照组采取常规的护理方法,观察组采取眼部穴位按摩联合刮痧的方法。观察并分析2组患者护理后的临床效果及角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分、泪液分泌试验长度(Schirmer)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)。结果观察组的总有效率93.55%(29/31)相比对照组70.97%(22/31)高,护理后FL评分相比对照组低,Schirmer、BUT均比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论眼部穴位按摩联合刮痧的护理方法用于老年干眼症患者中效果明显,有助于减轻病情。     

Does frequent residential mobility in early years affect the uptake and timeliness of routine immunisations? An anonymised cohort study

BackgroundThere are conflicting findings regarding the impact of residential mobility on immunisation status. Our aim was to determine whether there was any association between residential mobility and take up of immunisations and whether they were delayed in administration.MethodsWe carried out a cohort analysis of children born in Wales, UK. Uptake and time of immunisation were collected electronically. We defined frequent movers as those who had moved: 2 or more times in the period prior to the final scheduled on-time date (4 months) for 5 in 1 vaccinations; and 3 or more times in the period prior to the final scheduled on-time date (12 months) for MMR, pneumococcal and meningitis C vaccinations. We defined immunisations due at 2–4 months delayed if they had not been given by age 1; and those due at 12–13 months as delayed if they had not been given by age 2.ResultsUptake rates of routine immunisations and whether they were given within the specified timeframe were high for both groups. There was no increased risk (odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between frequent movers compared to non-movers for the uptake of: primary MMR 1.08 (0.88–1.32); booster Meningitis C 1.65 (0.93–2.92); booster pneumococcal 1.60 (0.59–4.31); primary 5 in 1 1.28 (0.92–1.78); and timeliness: primary MMR 0.92 (0.79–1.07); booster Meningitis C 1.26 (0.77–2.07); booster pneumococcal 1.69 (0.23–12.14); and primary 5 in 1 1.04 (0.88–1.23).DiscussionFindings suggest that children who move home frequently are not adversely affected in terms of the uptake of immunisations and whether they were given within a specified timeframe. Both were high and may reflect proactive behaviour in the primary healthcare setting to meet Government coverage rates for immunisation.     

A Snapshot of the Guidelines on Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children

The main goal in the management of patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the preservation of kidney function by minimizing the risk of pyelonephritis. By defining and analyzing the risk factors for each patient depending on age, sex, grade of reflux, lower urinary tract dysfunction, anatomic abnormalities, and kidney status, it is possible to identify those patients with a potential risk of upper urinary tract infection and resulting renal scarring. This paper gives a brief overview of the European Association of Urology guidelines for the management and treatment of VUR in children. These guidelines are based on the best currently available knowledge and evidence.